A Survey of Energy-Aware Routing and MAC Layer Protocols in MANETS: Trends and Challenges

One of the major issues in current routing and MAC layers protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is the high energy resources consumed for process of route discovery and collision avoidance respectively. Proper use of location information and dynamically adjustment of intermediate nodes’ retransmission probabilities adopted by a number of algorithms contribute to a reduction in the number of retransmissions and consequently reduce bandwidth and power consumption, but this feat was achieved at a price on network reachability. Many other efforts were made to achieve greater power conservation by many authors. This paper reviewed some current literatures that were proposed to improve the energy conservation in MANET at both MAC and routing layers, it also highlight the performance demands required of these protocols to assist researcher in MANET energy conservation as a good starting point for developing energy conservation algorithm.